纳滤膜脱除高粘度两性表面活性剂中的盐

采用纳滤膜考察了操作压力、不同的料液浓度、流量改变和浓缩过程对两性表面活性剂N,N-二甲基十二烷基甜菜碱（BS-12）中盐的脱除和BS-12浓缩效果的影响。实验结果表明：在操作压力2.5MPa和料液流量为583L／h下,对30％BS-12稀释后的BS-12浓度144g／L和氯化钠浓度39.2g／L料液进行纳滤膜脱盐浓缩,BS-12的截留率达到95％以上,氯化钠除盐率90％以上,可获得含盐量低于1％的BS-12,因而具有实际应用价值。     

港西三区聚合物/表活剂二元驱注入方式优化研究

化学剂注入方式对提高油藏采收率幅度有着重大的指导作用。为了确定大港油田港西三区油藏最佳的化学剂注入方式,提高其开发效果。针对均质和非均质多孔介质模型,分别设计了7种注入方式的室内流动实验。结果表明:与聚合物驱、表活剂驱相比聚合物/表活剂二元驱注入方式提高采收率的幅度更大;二元驱在均质模型中,其提高采收率幅度为18.1%,高于其他注入方式;在非均质模型中,为21.93%,高于其他注入方式;其在非均质模型高于非均质模型3.83%,更适合于非均质模型。聚合物、表活剂小断塞交替注入方式能够有效降低注入压力。对于改善港西三区油藏采油效果的调整措施,首选二元驱注入方式,其次采用聚合物、表活剂小断塞交替注入方式。     

红白电子墨水微胶囊的制备

用复合凝聚法制备了包覆红白电泳显示液的明胶-羧甲基纤维素（CMC）电子墨水微胶囊。 考察了壁材用量、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）用量、反应温度、搅拌速度对微胶囊粒径的分布及其形貌的影响。实验结果表明,在明胶与羧甲基纤维素的体积比为5∶1,SDS用量为1.3 ～1.7g/L,反应温度为40℃,搅拌速度为600～800r/min,pH值为3.5～3.8的条件下可以制得具有透明囊壁且粒度分布较均匀的微胶囊。微胶囊中的粒子在直流电场作用下发生移动,响应时间为14s.     

马来松香-聚氧乙烯醚双酯羧酸钠表面活性剂

采用松香与马来酸酐通过双烯加成反应,生成马来松香酸酐,马来松香酸酐与辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚通过酯化反应生成马来松香辛酚基聚氧乙烯醚双酯羧酸,马来松香辛酚基聚氧乙烯醚双酯羧酸与NaOH发生中和反应,生成马来松香辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚双酯酸钠盐表面活性剂.马来松香辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚双酯羧酸钠盐表面活性剂分子结构中含有羧酸盐阴离子和聚醚链段非离子两类亲水基,该表面活性剂的HLB值为14～15,临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.480 g/L,1%水溶液表面张力为32.04 mN/m.该表面活性剂适合配置重油污型的洗涤剂,具有去油污力强,泡沫适中,稳定性能良好,无毒,成本低廉等优点.     

聚合物溶液的水动力学尺寸研究

聚合物在溶液中的性质及形态与所用溶剂有着很大的关系,溶剂的性质不同(如溶液的矿化度不同、溶液中表活剂的浓度不同等),聚合物分子形态伸展程度都会不一样,其在溶液中分子尺寸(水动力学半径)也会发生很大改变。运用微孔滤膜过滤法,通过对抗温抗盐聚合物(KYHPAM系列)在不同矿化度以及不同浓度表活剂的水中配成溶液,让其在恒定压力(0.2 MPa)下经过不同孔径滤膜后测定其滤液浓度、黏度等性质,结果发现聚合物的分子量和浓度、表活剂的浓度、矿化度等因素都会对聚合物的水动力尺寸产生不同程度的影响。     

阴离子表面活性剂改性蒙脱土及其表征

采用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为插层剂,钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)为原料,用正交实验法,对Na-MMT改性过程中反应体系的温度、pH值、固液比、改性剂用量等工艺条件进行了研究.有机蒙脱土(OMMT)用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和热失重分析(TGA)表征.结果显示,蒙脱土层间距由1.5691 nm 扩大至3.5766 nm,SDS有效插入膨润土层间,OMMT在不同有机溶剂的分散性能良好.     

微乳中甲烷水合物的生成反应

以辛烷、十二烷或十六烷为油相,非离子表面活性剂Tween80和Span80按1:1质量比复配的复合型表面活性剂为乳化剂,PEG-400为助乳化剂制备高分散的油包水型(W/O)微乳,并在其静态体系中生成甲烷水合物,把它和纯水体系以及表面活性剂体系(含等量的乳化剂)进行了对比.结果表明:在微乳中甲烷水合物的诱导时间缩短,生成速率和耗气量明显增加,生成的水合物成粒状,含水率低.另外,选择油相时应选取不生成水合物,在水中溶解度小而且对甲烷溶解度尽量大的有机溶剂,并对微乳液中甲烷水合物的生成机理进行了探讨.     

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle and Its Morphological Control

Silver nanoparticles with different morphologies were prepared in AgNO3 aqueous solution using nanocarbon as template medium and polymer surfactant as protecting agent in an ultrasonic field. The polymer surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone ( PVP) was self-prepared and used directly in aqueous solution form. The molecular weight of PVP was measured by viscosimeter. The crystalline phase,component, size, and morphology of the as-synthesized silver naoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM,FTIR, and Laser Granularity Instrument. The results indicated that ultrasonic was the key factor to deoxidize Ag+to be Ag°nanocarbon and polymer surfactants accelerated the deoxidization reaction course and controlled the agglomeration of freshly formed silver nanoparticles, the category of polymer surfactant had decisive effect on the morphology of as-synthesized nanoparticle. Well-defined dendrites silver nanoparticle could be attained when choosing PVP as surfactant in AgNO3 aqueous solution,while regular sphere silver nanoparticle could be synthesized in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) surfactant.Moreover, the concentration of AgNO3 and ultrasonic action time also had obvious effect on the morphology of silver nanoparticle, low concentration of AgNO3 and long time of ultrasonic were not in favor of forming dendrite silver.     

Effect of anionic-nonionic mixed surfactant on ryegrass uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene from water

The effect of anionic-nonionic mixed surfactant (SDBS-TX100) on the uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene by ryegrass in a hydroponic system was studied, and the influence factors including the com-positions and concentrations of mixed surfactants and the compounds properties were also discussed. The results showed that SDBS-TX100 mixtures with certain compositions and concentrations could enhance the uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene by ryegrass, which could be attributed to the im-proved uptake capacity of ryegrass roots for phenanthrene and pyrene. SDBS-TX100 can enhance the uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene by ryegrass in a wider range of surfactant concentrations (0―0.8 mmol/L) in comparison with corresponding single surfactants, and the maximal contents of phenan-threne and pyrene in ryegrass roots were obtained with the concentrations of SDBS-TX100 around the corresponding critical micelle concentrations. The uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene by ryegrass increased with the increasing mole fraction of SDBS in mixed surfactant solutions, and SDBS-TX100 mixture with a mole ratio of SDBS to TX100 at 9:1 had the greatest capacity in enhancing the uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene, at which the corresponding maximal concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene in ryegrass roots were 216 and 8.16 times those without surfactants, respectively. Results from this study indicate that the anionic-nonionic mixed surfactants (SDBS-TX100) would be a preferred selection for the application of surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation technology to contaminated soils.     

双子表面活性剂16—0—16对催化动力学分光光度法测铜离子的增敏作用

考察了在磷酸介质,95℃恒温水浴中,双子表面活性剂16—0—16和3种普通表面活性剂对催化动力学分光光度法测定铜（Ⅱ）的增敏作用,考察了表面活性剂及其用量、干扰离子对吸光度的影响等,建立了在双子表面活性剂16—0—16存在下测定痕量铜的新方法,铜（Ⅱ）浓度的线性范围为0—40μg·L^-1,检出限为0．895μg／L,最大吸收波长为590nm．用该方法测出市售板蓝根中铜（Ⅱ）的含量为1．3258mg／g,加标回收率为94．79％-97．95％,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1．41％．